Understanding First Nations treaties is essential to knowing the history of the land we live on. Here's a quick guide to two significant historical treaties in Ontario:

Robinson-Huron Treaty (1850)

• Nations: Anishinaabeg & The Crown
• Territory: From Sault Ste. Marie to North Bay/Parry Sound, up toward Chapleau, Gogama, and Greater Sudbury.
• Key Terms: Land sharing, reserve lands, harvesting rights, and financial compensation (including the Augmentation Clause).

Treaty 9 (1905-1906, 1929-1930)

• Nations: Omushkego, Anishinaabe, Oji-Cree & The Crown
• Territory: Spans roughly two-thirds of Northern Ontario-from Timmins and Cochrane up to James Bay/Hudson Bay, and west to Pickle Lake.
• Key Terms: Land sharing, reserve lands, harvesting rights, financial compensation, and education.

Learn more and explore treaty maps here: Understanding Treaties